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Android 笔记:AIDL进阶

在上一篇博客 Android 笔记:IPC - AIDL 中讲到的 IPC 方式之一 AIDL 的基本用法,本文主要记录一下 AIDL 的进阶。  

AIDL 中的注册与反注册

之前的 IBookManager 中只提供了获取 书籍列表(getBookList) 和 添加书籍(addBook) 的方法,现在我们将其扩展一下,希望能加入“当新的书本被添加之后,能够通知出去”。这是一种 观察者模式

由于 AIDL 中无法使用普通接口,所以添加新的 IOnNewBookArrived.aidl 接口,用于回调新书的到来:

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package com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.aidl;

import com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.aidl.Book;

interface IOnNewBookArrivedListener {
void onNewBookArrived(in Book newBook);
}

IBookManager.aidl 接口中添加新的注册监听/取消监听的方法:

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package com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.aidl;

import com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.aidl.Book;
import com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.aidl.IOnNewBookArrivedListener;

interface IBookManager {
List<Book> getBookList();
void addBook(in Book book);

void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
}

远程服务端实现 BookManagerService, 实现新加的两个方法,在 Service 中开启线程,定时加入一本新书通知所有注册者:

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public class BookManagerService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "BMS";

// 当前Service是否被销毁
private AtomicBoolean mIsServiceDestroyed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
// 书籍列表
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book> mBookList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
// 观察者列表
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub() {
@Override
public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
return mBookList;
}

@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(book);
}

@Override
public void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
if (!mListenerList.contains(listener)) {
mListenerList.add(listener);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "listener already exists " + listener);
}
}

@Override
public void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener) throws RemoteException {
if (mListenerList.contains(listener)) {
mListenerList.remove(listener);
Log.d(TAG, "unregister listener succeed.");
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "listener not found, unregiser failed");
}
}
};

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();

mBookList.add(new Book(1, "Think in Java"));
mBookList.add(new Book(2, "Android Programming"));
new Thread(new ServiceWorker).start();
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mIsServiceDestroyed.set(true);
super.onDestroy();
}

private void onNewBookArrived(Book book) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(book);
// 通知所有Listener
Log.d(TAG, "new book arrived, notify all listeners");
for (IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener : mListenerList) {
listener.onNewBookArrived(book);
}
}

private class ServiceWorker implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// 每5s在后台生成一本新书
while(!mIsServiceDestroyed.get()) {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int bookId = mBookList.size() + 1;
Book newBook = new Book(bookId, "new book#" + bookId);
try {
onNewBookArrived(newBook);
} catch (RemoteExcption e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}

BookManagerServicce 置于独立进程中:

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<service 
android:name=".aidl.BookManagerService"
android:process=":remote" />

客户端 BookManagerActivity

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public class BookManagerActivity extends Activity {

private static final String TAG = "BookManagerActivity";
private static final int MSG_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED = 1;

private IBookManager mRemoteBookManager;

private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
IBookManager bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
mRemoteBookManager = bookManager;
try {
// 服务端的 getBookList() 方法可能会比较耗时,所以需要酌情考虑是否在子线程中进行访问
List<Book> bookList = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG, "book list type: " + bookList.getClass().getCanonicalName());
Log.i(TAG, "query book list: " + bookList);

bookManager.registerListener(mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
} catch(RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
mRemoteBookManager = null;
}
};

private Handler mHandler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED:
String message = "received new book: " + msg.obj;
Log.d(TAG, message);
break;
}
return true;
}
});

private IOnNewBookArrivedListener mOnNewBookArrivedListener = new IOnNewBookArrivedListener.Stub() {
@Override
public void onNewBookArrived(Book newBook) throws RemoteException {
mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED, newBook).sendToTarget();
}
};

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_book_manager);

Intent intent = new Intent(this, BookManagerService.class);
bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
preDestroy();
super.onDestroy();
}

private void preDestroy() {
// unregister listener
if (mRemoteBookManager != null && mRemoteManager.asBinder().isBinderAlive()) {
try {
Log.i(TAG, "unregister listener: " + mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
mRemoteBookManager.unregisterListener(mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// unbind service
unbindService(mConnection);
}
}

log日志:

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com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn:remote I/BMS: new book arrived, notify all listeners
com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn D/BookManagerActivity: received new book: Book{bookId=3, bookName='new book#3'}

com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn I/BookManagerActivity: unregister listener: com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.aidl.BookManagerActivity$4@80e21c1
com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn:remote D/BMS: listener not found, unregister failed

通过日志,可以看出,服务端每次的书籍推送确实收到,但是在服务端执行 unregisterListener 的时候却并没有正确执行。问题的原因在于, Binder 会把客户端传递过来的对象重新转化成新的对象,在客户端注册/反注册过程中使用的是同一个客户端对象,但是通过 Binder 传递到服务端的对象则不一样,所以会存在反注册失败的现象。

上述问题的解决方案就是使用 RemoteCallbackListRemoteCallbackList 由系统提供,专门用来删除跨进成的 listener 接口。

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public class RemoteCallbackList<E extends IInterface>

public interface IOnNewBookArrivedListener extends android.os.IInterface

可以看出来,RemoteCallbackList 是一个泛型,可以管理任意的 AIDL 接口。

RemoteCallbackList 部分源码:

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public class RemoteCallbackList<E extends IInterface> {
ArrayMap<IBinder, Callback> mCallbacks = new ArrayMap<IBinder, Callback>();

private final class Callback implements IBinder.DeathRecipent {
final E mCallback;
final Object mCookie;
Callback(E callback, Object cookie) {
mCallback = callback;
mCookie = cookie;
}
// 省略...
}
}

可以看出来 RemoteCallbackList 内部其实是一个 Map,建立起 IBinderCallback 的映射,而 Callback 又封装了真正的 IInterfacelistener,也就是实际上建立起了 IBinderlistener 的映射。

虽然之前的 IOnNewBookArrivedListener 会由客户端的一个对象会在服务端生成不一样的对象,但是其底层的 Binder 是一样的,所以 RemoteCallbackListener 正是利用了这个特性,真正地实现反注册。

正确姿势:
RemoteCallbackList 替换前面的 CopyOnWriteArrayList

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// private CopyOnWiteArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
private RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new RemoteCallbackList<>();

修改 registerListenerunregisterListener

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@Override
public void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.register(listener);
}

@Override
public void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.unregister(listener);
}

修改通知所有已注册的 listener 的 onNewBookArrived 方法:

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private void onNewBookArrived(Book book) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(book);
// 通知所有listener
Log.i(TAG, "new book arrived, notify all listeners");
final int N = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener = mListenerList.getBroadcastItem(i);
if(listener != null) {
listener.onNewBookArrived(book);
}
}
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();
}

注意,遍历 RemoteCallbackList 必须要用上述方式进行,即 begiinBroadcastfinishBroadcast 必须配对使用。

AIDL 重连 Service

当服务端程序意外停止时,Binder 会意外死亡,需要重新连接 Service,有两种解决方案:

  1. Binder 设置 DeathRecipient 监听,当 Binder 死亡时,会回调 DeathRecipient#binderDied(),这时可以重连 Service;
  2. ServiceConnection#onServiceDisconnected() 中重连 Service。

两者的区别在于在 bindDied 中是在客户端的 Binder 线程池被调用,而 onServiceDisconnected 是在UI线程中被回调。

BookManagerActivity 中加入:

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public class BookManagerActivity extends Activity {
// ...
private IBookManager mRemoteBookManager;

private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {
@Override
public void binderDied() {
// 子线程,binder线程
if (mRemoteBookManager == null)
return;
mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
mRemoteBookManager = null;
// TODO: 重新绑定 Service
}
}

private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
IBookManager bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
mRemoteBookManager = bookManager;
try {
mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
// ... 省略
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
mRemoteBookManager = null;
// 主线程
// TODO: 重连 Service
}
}
}

权限验证

默认情况下,远程服务可以被其他外部组件连接上,所以,必要的时候需要加入权限验证。通常有以下几种方案:

  1. 在远程 Service 的 onBind 中进行验证,这里的验证方式也有很多,常用的是使用 permission 进行验证:
    在 AndroidManifest 中声明所需要的权限:

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    <permission 
    android:name="com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE"
    android:level="normal" />

    BookManagerServiceonBind 中做权限验证:

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    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    // 权限验证
    int result = checkCallingOrSelfPermission (com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE);
    if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED)
    return null;
    return mBinder;
    }

    这样就完成了权限的验证,当有客户端需要连接该服务时,需要申请权限:

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    <uses-permission
    android:name="com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE" />
  2. 在服务端的 Binder#onTransact() 中进行权限验证:

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    private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub() {
    // ...
    @Override
    public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {
    // 权限验证
    // 1. 需要声明自定权限 "com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE"
    // 2. 包名前缀必须是 "com.github.tianma8023"
    int check = checkCallingOrSelfPermission("com.github.tianma8023.ipclearn.permission.ACCESS_BOOK_SERVICE");
    if (check == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED)
    return false;
    String packageName = null;
    String[] packages = getPackageManager().getPackagesForUid(getCallingUid());
    if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
    packageName = packages[0];
    }
    if (packageName == null || !packageName.startsWith("com.github.tianma8023")) {
    return false;
    }
    return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
    }
    }

    上述代码片段,验证了 permission,还验证了包名前缀,只有都满足要求的才能验证通过。

  3. Service 指定 android:permission 属性。

代码参考

IPCLearn